1.Fundamental Rights: The basic rights guaranteed to all citizens of India, ensuring freedom, equality, and justice
2. Directive Principles of State Policy: Guidelines to the government for creating social and economic conditions under which citizens can lead a good life.
3. Affirmative Action: Measures taken by the state to favoUr disadvantaged groups such as women, backward classes, and minorities.
4. Discrimination Unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people, often based on race, gender, or other attributes.
5. Reservation: The practice of setting aside a certain percentage of seats or positions for particular groups, such as women or scheduled castes, in education, employment, and politics.