1. Biological Sex: The physical differences between male and female bodies, including reproductive anatomy and hormonal differences.
2. Gender Norms: Societal expectations regarding behaviours, roles, and responsibilities considered appropriate for individuals based on their gender.
3. Health Disparities: Differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare among different groups, often influenced by socioeconomic, gender, and cultural factors.
4. Sexual Autonomy: The right and ability to make decisions about one’s sexual and reproductive health, including choices related to contraception and sexual relationships.
5. Social Determinants of Health: Factors like socioeconomic status, education, and cultural beliefs that influence an individual’s health beyond biological factors.
6. Gender-Based Violence: Violence directed at an individual based on their gender, often resulting in physical, emotional, or psychological harm.
7. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Infections commonly transmitted through sexual contact, affecting both men and women but often manifesting differently in each gender.
8. Cultural Norms: The shared values, behaviours, and expectations within a society that influence individuals’ actions and health decisions.
9. Reproductive Roles: Social expectations related to childbearing and caregiving responsibilities, often placing additional pressures on women’s health.
10. Menstruation: A biological process that involves the shedding of the uterine lining in females, which can affect women’s health, including their risk for anaemia.